lecture 24 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, includes sleep stages, EEG, development, dreams, purpose of sleep
lecture 24 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, includes sleep stages, EEG, development, dreams, purpose of sleep
A sleep disorder is a medical disorder of the sleep patterns of a person or animal. Some sleep disorders are serious enough to interfere with normal physical, mental, social and emotional functioning.
The outcome of this course is for the learner to describe the normal stages of sleep, common sleep measurement tools sleep characteristic, common sleep disorders, the changes that affect the quality and quantity of sleep as an individual ages, and methods the healthcare provider can use to assess and assist clients with sleep disorders.
PSYA3 - Biological Rhythms powerpoint.
100 slides because there's a lot to know! Condensed it as much as possible.
Includes:
Biological rhythms - Circadian, Infradian, Ultradian, endogenous pacemakers, exogenous zeitgebers & consequences of disruption of said rhythms
Sleep states -
lifespan changes, restorative theory, evolutionary evaluations
Disorders of sleep - Insomnia & other sleep disorders.
There's minimal evaluation for Infradian - so do it yourself :D
PROFESSIONAL NURSES ROLE IN MAINTAINING REST AND SLEEP NEEDS IN PATIENTS
- Ms. Johncy Charles
SLEEP
An altered state of consciousness in which the individual’s perception of and reaction to the environment are decreased.
It is a cyclical process that alternates with longer periods of wakefulness.
This sleep-wake cycle influences and regulates various functions in the body.
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
Period of 24 hours
Circadian rhythm is the rhythm of certain biological activities that take place over a 24 hour period.
The most familiar of them is the sleep-wake cycle.
The circadian rhythms are affected by light, temperature, and other internal and external factors.
All people have biological clocks that synchronize their sleep cycles.
FUNCTIONS OF SLEEP
Purpose of sleep still unclear. Some proposed functions of sleep are as follows:
Body tissue restoration
Release of growth hormone
Repair and renewal of tissues
Preservation of cardiac function.
Reduction of heart rate during sleep
Reduction in workload of heart.
COMMON SLEEP DISORDERS
NURSES ROLE
ASSESSMENT
Sleep history
Health history
Physical examination
Sleep diary
Diagnostic studies
DIAGNOSIS
Activity intolerance
Anxiety
Ineffective breathing pattern
Impaired comfort
Acute confusion
Ineffective coping
Fatigue
Ineffective health maintenance
Impaired memory
Nausea
Ineffective protection
Deficient knowledge
Sleep
Sleep deprivation
Disturbed sleep pattern
Disturbed thought process
PLANNING
Develop a plan that provides sufficient energy for daily activities.
Planning of specific nursing interventions based on the etiology of each nursing diagnosis.
IMPLEMENTATION
Health promotion
Environmental controls
Promoting bedtime routines
Promoting comfort
Establishing periods of rest and sleep
Stress reduction
Bedtime snacks
Medications as prescribed
EVALUATION
Observation of duration of client’s sleep.
Questions about how the client feels on awakening.
Observation of clients level of alertness during the day
A sleep disorder is a medical disorder of the sleep patterns of a person or animal. Some sleep disorders are serious enough to interfere with normal physical, mental, social and emotional functioning.
The outcome of this course is for the learner to describe the normal stages of sleep, common sleep measurement tools sleep characteristic, common sleep disorders, the changes that affect the quality and quantity of sleep as an individual ages, and methods the healthcare provider can use to assess and assist clients with sleep disorders.
PSYA3 - Biological Rhythms powerpoint.
100 slides because there's a lot to know! Condensed it as much as possible.
Includes:
Biological rhythms - Circadian, Infradian, Ultradian, endogenous pacemakers, exogenous zeitgebers & consequences of disruption of said rhythms
Sleep states -
lifespan changes, restorative theory, evolutionary evaluations
Disorders of sleep - Insomnia & other sleep disorders.
There's minimal evaluation for Infradian - so do it yourself :D
PROFESSIONAL NURSES ROLE IN MAINTAINING REST AND SLEEP NEEDS IN PATIENTS
- Ms. Johncy Charles
SLEEP
An altered state of consciousness in which the individual’s perception of and reaction to the environment are decreased.
It is a cyclical process that alternates with longer periods of wakefulness.
This sleep-wake cycle influences and regulates various functions in the body.
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
Period of 24 hours
Circadian rhythm is the rhythm of certain biological activities that take place over a 24 hour period.
The most familiar of them is the sleep-wake cycle.
The circadian rhythms are affected by light, temperature, and other internal and external factors.
All people have biological clocks that synchronize their sleep cycles.
FUNCTIONS OF SLEEP
Purpose of sleep still unclear. Some proposed functions of sleep are as follows:
Body tissue restoration
Release of growth hormone
Repair and renewal of tissues
Preservation of cardiac function.
Reduction of heart rate during sleep
Reduction in workload of heart.
COMMON SLEEP DISORDERS
NURSES ROLE
ASSESSMENT
Sleep history
Health history
Physical examination
Sleep diary
Diagnostic studies
DIAGNOSIS
Activity intolerance
Anxiety
Ineffective breathing pattern
Impaired comfort
Acute confusion
Ineffective coping
Fatigue
Ineffective health maintenance
Impaired memory
Nausea
Ineffective protection
Deficient knowledge
Sleep
Sleep deprivation
Disturbed sleep pattern
Disturbed thought process
PLANNING
Develop a plan that provides sufficient energy for daily activities.
Planning of specific nursing interventions based on the etiology of each nursing diagnosis.
IMPLEMENTATION
Health promotion
Environmental controls
Promoting bedtime routines
Promoting comfort
Establishing periods of rest and sleep
Stress reduction
Bedtime snacks
Medications as prescribed
EVALUATION
Observation of duration of client’s sleep.
Questions about how the client feels on awakening.
Observation of clients level of alertness during the day
Drugs used in the management of anxiety disorders.pdfEugenMweemba
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Continuum of Consciousness
- Controlled and Automatic Processes
- Altered States of Consciousness
- Psychoactive Drugs
- Sleep and Dreams
- Different Stages of Sleep (REM and N-REM)
- 4 Major Questions About Sleep
- Sleep Disorders
- The Unconscious Mind
- Unconsciousness
1. Electrophysiology of Sleep STAGES OF SLEEP A. NON-REM – 75% Stage 1 -( 5%) 3 to 7 cps theta waves, vertex sharp wave Stage 2 - (45%) 12 to 14 cps with sleep spindles and K complex Stage 3 - (12%) ½ to 2 cps delta waves Stage 4 – (13%) ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS, PRE-OPTIC AREA, DORSAL MEDULLARY RETICULAR FORMATION & NUCLEUS OF THE TRACTUS SOLITARIUS
2. Stages of Sleep Stage 3 and 4- arousal characteristics when awakened – disorganized thinking, disoriented, brief arousals associated with amnesia for events occurring during the arousal Problems : enuresis, somnambulism, nightmares and sleep terror
3. STAGES OF SLEEP B. REM SLEEP – 25% Low voltage, mixed frequency(theta and slow alpha) SAW TOOTH WAVES REM- ON CELLS – DORSOLATERAL PONTINE RETICULAR FORMATION AND THE NEURONS VENTRAL AND LATERAL TO THE LOCUS CERULEUS (cholinergic) REM-OFF CELLS- LOCUS CERULEUS & DORSAL RAPHE NUCLEI ( Noradrenergic)
4. EVENTS DURING STAGES OF SLEEP NON- REM SLEEP SLOW EYE MOVEMENT MUSCLES RELAXED SOME TONE IN POSTURAL MUSCLE GROUPS VITAL SIGNS STABLE RARE PENILE ERECTION RARE DREAMS INC. AFTER EXERCISE AND STARVATION REM SLEEP RAPID EYE MOVEMENT FREQUENT MUSCLE TWITCHING DECREASED MUSCLE TONE ABSENT BODY MOVEMENT VS FLUCTUATING COMMON DREAMS & PENILE ERECTION Inc. brain 02 use, dec. ventilatory response to inc. C02, poikilothermic condition
5. SLEEP REGULATION & FUNCTION SEROTONIN- INCREASE SLEEP MELATONIN- circadian pacemaker DOPAMINE- INCREASE AROUSAL increase need with physical work, exercise, illness, pregnancy, mental stress and inc. mental activity SLEEP- RESTORATIVE FUNCTION NORMAL THERMOREGULATION AND ENERGY CONSERVATION NON REM – inc. after exercise and starvation ?metabolic need
6. Sleep and Depression, AD Marked shortened REM latency (< 60 min.) >% of REM sleep Shift in REM distribution Supersensitivity to acetylcholine Transient improvement of depression during sleep deprivation Reserpine- increase REM cause depression AD decreased REM and Stage 3 and 4
7. Sleep deprivation and requirement REM DEPRIVED PATIENTS ARE IRRITABLE AND LETHARGIC WITH SUBSEQUENT INCREASE IN NUMBER AND AMOUNT OF REM SLEEP SLEEP REQUIREMENTS A. SHORT SLEEPERS- REQUIRE LESS THAN 6 HOURS SLEEP(EFFICIENT, AMBITIOUS, SOCIALLY ADEPT B. LONG SLEEPERS- REQUIRE MORE THAN 9 HRS. OF SLEEP; MORE REM PERIODS AND MORE RAPID EYE MOVEMENTS(mildly depressed, anxious, socially withdrawn)
10. DYSSOMNIADiagnostic Criteria for Primary Insomnia A.THE PREDOMINANT COMPLAINT IS DIFFICULTY INITIATING OR MAINTAINING SLEEP,OR NONRESTORATIVE SLEEP FOR AT LEAST ONE MONTH b. the sleep disturbance (or asso. daytime fatigue) causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning c. no other sleep disorder, such as narcolepsy no other mental disturbance d. not due to substance or general medical condition
11. Psychophysiological Insomnia AKA conditioned insomnia Work and relationships are satisfying Other characteristics: 1. excessive worry of not being able to sleep 2. trying too hard to sleep 3. rumination 4. inc. muscle tension when attempting to sleep 5. able to sleep away from the bedroom, being able to sleep when not trying SLEEP STATE MISPERCEPTION
12. SLEEP HYGIENE ARISE AT THE SAME TIME DAILY LIMIT DAILY IN BED TIME TO THE USUAL AMOUNT PRESENT BEFORE THE SLEEP DISTURBANCE DISCONTINUE- CAFFEINE, NICOTINE, ALCOHOL, STIMULANTS AVOID DAYTIME NAPS GRADED EXERCISE EARLY IN THE DAY
13. SLEEP HYGIENE AVOID EVENING STIMULATION TRY 20 MIN. HOT BATH SOAKS EAT REGULAR MEALS AT DAYTIME, AVOID LARGE MEALS NEAR BEDTIME PRACTICE EVENING RELAXATION TECHNIQUES MAINTAIN COMFORTABLE SLEEPING CONTIONS
14. DYSSOMNIA CRITERIA FOR PRIMARYHYPERSOMNIA A. THE PREDOMINANT COMPLAINT IS EXCESSIVE SLEEPINESS FOR AT LEAST ONE MONTH ( OR LESS IF RECURRENT) AS EVIDENCED BY PROLONGED SLEEP EPISODES OR DAYTIME SLEEP EPISODES THAT OCCUR ALMOST DAILY B. THE EXCESSIVE SLEEPINESS IS NOT BETTER ACCOUNTED FOR BY INSOMNIA AND DOES NOT OCCUR EXCLUSIVELY DURING THE COURSE OF ANOTHER SLEEP DISORDER
15. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR NARCOLEPSY (primary hypersomnia) A. IRRESISTIBLE ATTACKS OF REFRESHING SLEEP THAT OCCUR DAILY OVER AT LEAST 3 MONTHS B. PRESENCE OF ONE OR BOTH OF THE FOLLOWING: 1. CATAPLEXY- brief episodes of sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone, most often in association with intense emotion 2. recurrent intrusions of elements of REM sleep into the transition bet. Sleep and wakefulness, as manifested by either hypnopompic or hypnagogic hallucinations or sleep paralysis at the beginning or end of sleep episodes
16. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR CIRCADIAN RHYTHM SLEEP DISORDER A . PERSISTENT OR RECURRENT PATTERN OF SLEEP DISRUPTION LEADING TO EXCESSIVE SLEEPINESS OR INSOMNIA THAT IS DUE TO A MISMATCH BETWEEN THE SLEEP WAKE SCHEDULE REQUIRED BY A PERSON’S ENVIRONMENT AND HIS CIRCADIAN SLEEP WAKE PATTERN BCD
17. CIRCADIAN SLEEP DISORDER SPECIFY TYPE: A. DELAYED SLEEP PHASE TYPE- A PERSISTENT PATTERN OF LATE SLEEP ONSET AND LATE AWKENING TIMES WITH INABILITY TO FALL ASLEEP AND AWAKEN AT A DESIRED EARLIER TIME B. JET LAG TYPE C. SHIFT WORK TYPE
19. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR NIGHTMARE DISORDERS A. REPEATED AWAKENINGS FROM THE MAJOR SLEEP PERIOD OR NAPS WITH DETAILED RECALL OF EXTENDED AND EXTREMELY FRIGHTENING DREAMS, USUALLY INVOLVING THREATS TO SURVIVAL, SECURITY OR SELF ESTEEM, THE AWAKENINGS GENERALLY OCCUR DURING THE SECOND HALF OF THE SLEEP PERIOD
20. NIGHTMARE DISORDERS B. ON AWAKENING FROM THE FRIGHTENING DREAMS, THE PERSON RAPIDLY BECOMES ORIENTED AND ALERT C. THE DREAM EXPERIENCE OR THE SLEEP DISTURBANCE RESULTING FROM THE AWAKENING CAUSES SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS D. NO OTHER MENTAL DISORDER, OR INTAKE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCE
21. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR SLEEP TERROR DISORDER A. RECURRENT EPISODES OF ABRUPT AWAKENING FROM SLEEP USUALLY OCCURING DURING THE FIRST THIRD OF THE MAJOR SLEEP EPISODE AND BEGINNING WITH A PANICKY SCREAM B. INTENSE FEAR AND SIGNS OF AUTONOMIC AROUSAL SUCH AS TACHYCARDIA, RAPID BREATHING, SWEATING DURING EACH EPISODE C. RELATIVE UNRESPONSIVENESS TO EFFORTS OF OTHERS TO COMFORT THE PERSON DURING THE EPISODE D. NO DETAILED DREAM IS RECALLED AND THERE IS AMNESIA FOR THE EPISODE EF
22. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR SLEEPWALKING DISORDER A. REPEATED EPISODES OF RISING FROM BED DURING SLEEP AND WALKING ABOUT, USUALLY OCCURING DURING THE FIRST THIRD OF THE MAJOR SLEEP EPISODE B. WHILE SLEEPWALKING THE PERSON HAS A BLANK STARING FACE IS RELATIVELY UNRESPONSIVE AT EFFORTS TO COMMUNICATE AND CAN BE AWAKENED WITH A GREAT DEAL OF DIFFICULTY C. ON AWAKENING THE PATIENT HAS AMNESIA OF THE EPISODE D. WITHIN SEVERAL MINUTES AFTER AWKENING FROM THE SLEEPWALKING EPISODE, THERE IS NO IMPAIRMENT OF MENTAL ACTIVITY OR BEHAVIOR E. COMMON CRITERIA
23. INSOMNIA RELATED TO ANOTHER PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS Insomnia in depression-normal sleep onset, repeated awakenings Insomnia in mania- reduction in need for sleep Insomnia in schizophrenia- reduction of total sleep time , slow wave sleep, REM
24. SUBSTANCE INDUCED SLEEP DISORDER SOMNOLENCE- AMPHETAMINE, COCAINE, CAFFEINE (WITHDRAWAL) SUSTAINED USE OF CNS DEPRESSANT INSOMNIA- bzdp, BARBITURATES (WITHDRAWAL)